Food Security Challenges in Pakistan

Food security is one of the most significant global issues; a result of growing population, rampant poverty, climate change and soil degradation.

Lack of attention, insufficient planning, and mismanagement have kept productivity limited, making it difficult to sustain the food requirements of developing countries.

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Pakistan is an agrarian society, with agriculture making up more than 18.5% of the national GDP, however, recent statistics show 36.9% of the population as food insecure, contributing to Pakistan’s ranking at 77th in the Global Food Security Index.

Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-2019.

FAOSTAT, 2018.

Global Food Security Index, 2018.

Prevailing Food Security Challenges
Four Main Food Security Challenges In Pakistan

Over the last few decades the farmer, especially small land holder, has been relegated to a place of no importance, which coherently resulted in turning Pakistan’s over 100 million population vulnerable to food insecurity. FFC is determined to renew its patronage to the farming community, which are the primary stakeholders to us. FFC sees itself in a natural, knitted bond with the hardworking and dedicated farmers, who have through their sweat and blood contributed to the prosperity of this great nation. A share of over 25% today in national GDP signifies the importance agriculture has in our foundation, however, the same share amounted to over 40% in the 1960’s. In terms of productivity, the average yield per hectare in Pakistan is just over 3 M/T, which in developed agricultural countries like New Zealand is close to 10 M/T.

Climate Change in Pakistan

Climate Change in Pakistan

Almost Three Quarter of World Population residing in this region needs to be fed.
https://germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global Climate Risk Index 2019_2.pdf

Geographic Advantages of Pakistan

Almost Three Quarter of World Population residing in this region needs to be fed. https://germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202019_2.pdf
Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Projected changes in temperature and precipitation in Pakistan by using Global Climate Model output

Source: Farooqi et al., 2005. Pak. J. of Meteorology. 2-3.

ANNUAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE (°C)

Source: Farooqi et al., 2005. Pak. J. of Meteorology. 2-3.
ANNUAL PERCIPITATION CHANGE (%)

ANNUAL PERCIPITATION CHANGE (%)

Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - Pakistan

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Water Stress - Pakistan

Pakistan is 14th out of 164 Countries

Pakistan is 14th out of 164 Countries

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Water Availability in Pakistan

Hanna Lake, Quetta

During 2000s

https://www.dw.com/en/water-crisis-why-is-pakistan-running-dry/a-44110280

Per Capita Water availability 1,500 cubic meter in 2009

https://www.dw.com/en/water-crisis-why-is-pakistan-running-dry/a-44110280

At Present

Per Capita Water availability 1,017 cubic meter now

Per Capita Water availability 1,017 cubic meter now

Poverty in Pakistan

In the 2019 Global Hunger Index, Pakistan ranks 94th out of 117 qualifying countries

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

GDP Per Capita Ranking

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

01

South Sudan $254

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

34

Pakistan $1,304

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

53

India $2,309

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

200

USA $65,064

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

211

Monaco $165,999

Average Retail Prices of Fertilizers in Pakistan (2017-18)

Urea (50 kg bag)

Urea (50 kg bag)

DAP (50 kg bag)

DAP (50 kg bag)

SOP (50 kg bag)

SOP (50 kg bag)

MOP (50 kg bag)

MOP (50 kg bag)

Zinc (3kg Packet)

Zinc (3kg Packet)

Boron (3 kg Packet)

Boron (3 kg Packet)

Not Affordable for farmers which results in

Imbalance Fertilizer

Use

Over Fertilization of

Nitrogen Fertilizers

NPK Use in Pakistan (000 tons)

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Ideal NPK Use Ratio

2 : 1 : 0.5

NPK Use Ratio (2017-18)

2.68 : 1 : 0.04

Soil Degradation in Pakistan

Prevailing Food Security Challenges

Total Land Area of Pakistan 

80 million hectare

Total Arable Land

31 million hectare (39%)

Soil Nutrient Deficiency Status- Pakistan

Prevailing Food Security Challenges